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Manufacturing methods of white mineral oils are described, together with a summary of their major use areas. Recent toxicological studies using white mineral oils of various categories are covered. A summary of the current acceptable daily intake levels for such substances is included.

The various approaches to achieving extended drain intervals in vehicle crankcase lubricants are described, with particular emphasis on commercial diesel engines. The various lubricant contaminants include soot, water, acids and particulate metals. Lubricant life may be prolonged by suitable design of the lubricant and of the engine, but more particularly by reducing the levels of contaminant in the lubricant such that the performance of the lubricant may be maintained. At the same time, wear rates within the engine must be within acceptable levels. The various options for reducing the levels of contaminant include lubricant by‐pass filtration systems, including barrier filters, refiners and centrifugal filters.

Lubricants for four‐stroke motorcycles have traditionally been rebranded versions of those used for passenger car engine lubrication. Recent developments in passenger car engine oils with the intention of improving fuel utilisation efficiencies were not compatible with some of the specific requirements of four‐stroke motorcycle powertrain lubrication. The effect of using such lubricants on the various components of the motorcycle powertrain, including the engine, clutch, gearbox, starter system drive and back torque limiter is described. The subsequent development of a new specification specifically for use in four‐stroke motorcycles is described.

Crankcase lubricants for automotive and commercial use are differentiated by their physico‐chemical properties but more importantly by their performance in a series of engine test sequences. The sequences are devised by committees formed by representatives from the vehicle manufacturers, the oil companies and the additive suppliers. The article describes the sequences devised by the American Petroleum Institute and the European ACEA organisations, including some historical background as well as the current specifications. Methods of compliance monitoring and enforcement are also covered.

This article has been withdrawn as it was published elsewhere and accidentally duplicated. The original article can be seen here: 10.1108/00368799910251686. When citing the article, please cite: David Margaroni, (1999), “White oils and the food industry”, Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 51 Iss: 1, pp. 6 - 12.